判断题(TRUE / FALSE / NOT GIVEN)专项:介词定位法
一、三大失分原因(本课诊断板书)
- 获取语气不精准(没听清/没读准原文的让步、程度词)
- 介词干扰了你(介词短语没看出修饰谁,范畴就跑偏)
- 题目问的东西跟你想的不一样(自己脑补了题目)
二、判断题正确流程(样本比对法)
- 阅读 = 短时间获取信息 → 习得作者观点 → 做比对(把题目当样本,原文当参照物:一不一样?)
- 板书三步:
1. 把题目变成简短的中文(例:Q6 "Significant numbers of thylacines were killed by humans from the 1830s onwards." → 简记:人从 1830 年起杀了很多袋狼) 2. 回原文找对应句(关键词:数字、年份、名字、动词) 3. 比对判定: - 原句 = 题目 → TRUE - 原句 ≠ 题目(明确相反/数量不对)→ FALSE - 原文没提 / 只有可能没证实 → NOT GIVEN
三、语气敏感词表("获取语气不精准"的解药)
- attributed to(归因于)—— 谁干的要看清("to the decline… 谁干的?other factors")
- dramatic(急剧的)、only / just(只)、despite(尽管)、not until…(直到…才)
- while(尽管/然而,让步语气)
- introduced(被引入的物种)
- 完成时(have/has done)语气 = "一直有…持续一段时间到…"
- 例:Q9 "In the early 1900s, many scientists became worried…" 原文是 little public pressure + 科学家们几乎不担心(nor was much concern expressed) → FALSE(只有 T.T. Flynn 一个例外,是 notable exception,不是 many)
四、介词决定"讨论的范畴"(本课标题点题)
一句话里先圈出介词短语,再看它修饰谁 —— 修饰关系对了,题目范畴就不会跑偏:
| 介词 | 语气/用途(板书) | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| over | 在一段时间内有一个可以变化的事 | searches for the thylacine over the years;we discussed this matter over the meeting |
| throughout | 连续性/贯穿性 | some breeding took place throughout the year |
| during | B 动作发生在 A 动作的时间窗里面 | hunted during the day(白天躲在 hills 里) |
| from…onwards | 从…起一直 | killed by humans from the 1830s onwards |
| of | 名词 + of → 后置定语(落点是前面的名词) | loss of habitat;the efforts of their predecessors |
句例(板书圈画):
- "The dramatic decline of the thylacine in Tasmania… is generally attributed to the relentless efforts of sheep farmers and bounty hunters" → 介词短语链:decline of(谁在减)/ decline in(在哪减)/ attributed to(归因于谁)—— 三个介词讲清"什么事、在哪、怪谁"。
五、精读实战:The thylacine(袋狼/塔斯马尼亚虎)
摘要填空 1–5(课堂核对)
| 题 | 答案 |
|---|---|
| 1 | carnivorous(原文 exclusively carnivorous —— 全肉食) |
| 2 | scent(长距离追猎主要靠嗅觉,比其他感官都多) |
| 3 | pouch(育儿袋:新生幼崽爬进 pouch 挂住乳头) |
| 4 | fossil(大陆最后证据 = 3100 年前的化石) |
| 5 | habitat(栖息地丧失 + 食物来源减少 → Tasmania 数量下降) |
判断题 6–13(课堂部分核对)
- Q8 "John Gould's prediction about the thylacine surprised some biologists." → NG(Gould 预言了灭绝,原文没提生物学家惊讶与否)
- Q9 "In the early 1900s, many scientists became worried about the possible extinction." → FALSE(little public pressure;科学家几乎没人担心)
- Q12 "From 1930 to 1936, the only known living thylacines were all in captivity." → TRUE(最后一只野生袋狼 1930 年被杀,leaving just captive specimens)
- Q13 "Attempts to find living thylacines are now rarely made." → FALSE(还有科学家又开始找了;一直有 numerous expeditions and searches)
- 其余题以课堂订正为准;做题时把每题简写成中文再比对(见二)。
本段精读词汇
- appearance & behaviour:marsupial(有袋类)、superficial resemblance(表面相似)、stripes(条纹)、carnivorous(食肉)、distend(扩张)、lair(巢穴)、nocturnal(夜行的)、bask(晒太阳)
- decline & extinction:bounty hunter(赏金猎人)、relentless(无情的)、distemper-like disease(类犬瘟)、captivity(圈养)、foresee one's demise(预见灭绝)、extermination(灭绝)、exceptions(例外)